How to compare methods
Three things matter: effectiveness (typical-use, not just perfect-use), how it affects your cycle and body, and how easy it is to use correctly. The most effective methods (implant, IUD) are the ones you can't forget to use.
Long-acting reversible methods (most effective)
Hormonal IUD (progestin): 99%+ effective, often lighter or absent periods, lasts 3-8 years. Copper IUD: hormone-free, 99%+ effective, can make periods heavier. Implant: progestin rod in the arm, 99%+ effective, 3 years, may cause irregular spotting.
Hormonal methods you take/apply
Combined pill (estrogen+progestin): ~91% typical-use effective, regulates and lightens periods, can ease acne and cramps. Progestin-only pill: good if estrogen isn't suitable. Patch / vaginal ring: same hormones, weekly/monthly. Injection: every 3 months.
Non-hormonal options
Condoms: ~87% typical-use, and the only method that also prevents STIs. Copper IUD: hormone-free LARC. Fertility-awareness methods: tracking cycle signs; effectiveness depends heavily on consistency and training.
Effect on your cycle
Combined methods usually make periods lighter, more regular, and less painful (the "period" on the pill is a withdrawal bleed, not a true period). Progestin-only methods and the hormonal IUD often reduce or stop bleeding. The copper IUD can increase bleeding and cramps. After stopping any method, fertility typically returns quickly (the injection can take longer).
Choosing with your doctor
Your medical history (migraines with aura, blood-clot risk, smoking, breastfeeding) determines what's safe. Bring your priorities β effectiveness, cycle control, hormone-free, STI protection β and decide together.